Summary
Dhizaini yekuvhenekesa kwenhandare yenhabvu inonyanya kuenderana nemitambo yenhabvu inosangana nezviyero zvepasi rose uye mabasa ekuvhenekesa anodiwa kunhandare dzemitambo dzakawanda.Pasi pesimba remitambo yakasiyana-siyana yekudzidzira kana zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza, inogona kuiswa nyore nyore kuti isangane nemwenje yekuda kwezviitiko zvehusiku.
Tsvagiridzo iyi yakavakirwa pachiyero chepasirese FIFA-Nhungamiro kune Artificial mwenje weBhola mapitches ekutemerwa, mwero wekuvhenekesa, mwenje wekona dhizaini, mwenje wemwenje, hapana mwenje uye dhizaini dhizaini yevatambi nenzvimbo dzenhau, dhizaini dhizaini yekumisikidza, kufunga nezvekuchengetedza, mwenje. midziyo, Sere dhizaini zvinodiwa uye inoshanda simulation yemidziyo yekuchengetedza.
Husiku mwenje dhizaini mhedzisiro inowanikwa kuburikidza nekutevedzera ndeye
1.kupenya kwakachinjika uye kwakamira uye kufanana kwekuita kwemwenje kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuvheneka nhandare.
2.musiyano pakati pekudzora kupenya uye kuvhenekera kwakagadzirirwa kupa pfungwa yepamusoro yekunyaradza;
3.Shandisa mwenje ine ruvara inopihwa ye95 uye tembiricha yeruvara ye5600K kugadzira mamiriro ekunze kwenzvimbo yese yenhandare.
4.Simulate uye gadzirisa nhamba yemarambi uye sarudza mwenje wepamusoro-soro kuti uderedze mari yekushandisa
5.Shandisa chiedza chechiedza chakanakisisa kuti uvandudze kushanda kwechiedza chehupenyu hwehupenyu kuderedza kuwanda kwekugadzirisa.
Keywords: nhandare yenhabvu, kufanana, kupenya kwakachinjika, kupenya kwakamira, shading, kupa ruvara
Nhanganyaya
Chidzidzo chenyaya chiri munzvimbo yekuronga yemadhorobha inosvika mahekita 3.7 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweZhubei Campus yeNational Taiwan University, kuchamhembe kweZhuangjing 1st Road, Guangming 6th Road East Section, uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweZhubei Campus, Zhubei City, Hsinchu. County.Nhandare yechipiri yemitambo yeHsinchu County Stadium inonyanya kusanganisira yepasi rose 400-metres track uye field field, ine nhandare yenhabvu yakajairwa, 3,000-mita zvipingamupinyi dziva, uye zvakajairwa zvemumunda.Level certification uye Republic of China Athletics Association chitupa.Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekukurukura nezvemagadzirirwo emwenje emidziyo yekuvhenekesa husiku kunhandare dzenhabvu.
Background Statement
Mamiriro ekugadzira magetsi emidziyo yekuvhenekesa husiku yenhandare dzenhabvu anoenderana nezviyero zvepasirese FIFA Gwaro kune mwenje wekugadzira weNhabvu nhandare dzakatemwa.Zvinodiwa zvakadzama ndezvizvi:
Lighting class
Dhizaini yemasisitimu emwenje ekugadzira ichazadzisa zvinotevera zvinodikanwa: Zvigadziko zvemwenje, mabhuraketi kana zvimiro zvine hukama hazvikanganisi.
Zviitwa zvevakwikwidzi mumunda uye mutsara wekuona wevamire kuti vatarise mutambo;dhizaini inofanirwa kuderedza iwo matatu marudzi ekusvibiswa kwechiedza (Obtrusive Chiedza)
1. Chiedza chakananga chinodeuka kunze kwemunda
2. Kupenya kuvanhu vari kunze kwenzvimbo (mafashamo edenga reusiku)
3. Kupenya kwedenga usiku
Beam Angle Dhizaini Basis
Tafura 1 General tafura yemakona eradiation
| Illumination Angle | Gymnasium Peripheral Distance | Illuminance |
| Horizontal kufashukira | Mukati me50m kunze kwejimu | 25lux |
| Maximum vertical | Mukati me50m kunze kwejimu | 40lux |
| Horizontal kufashukira | Mukati me200m kunze kwenhandare | 10 lux |
| Maximum vertical | Mukati me200m kunze kwenhandare | 20 lux |
Illuminance Standard
Tafura 2 General tafura yezviyero zvekuvhenekera
| TournamentLevel | Mitemo |
| International Competition Kirasi V (ine nhepfenyuro yeTV) | Hapana mimvuri uye kupenya panzvimbo |
| Makwikwi epamba Kirasi lV (ine nhepfenyuro yeTV) | Hapana mimvuri uye kupenya panzvimbo |
| Makwikwi epamba Kirasi lll (hapana nhepfenyuro yeTV) | Matanda ekuvhenekesa panzvimbo yechiitiko akaiswa mumapoka masere asina kupenya |
| Dunhu Makwikwi Kirasi ll (hapana TV kutepfenyura) | Matanda emwenje panzvimbo yechiitiko anoiswa mumapoka matanhatu pasina kupenya |
| Zorora uye Dzidzira Kirasi l (hapana nhepfenyuro yeTV) | Matanda emwenje panzvimbo yechiitiko anoiswa mumapoka mana pasina kupenya |
Ipa nzvimbo yakanaka yekuona yevatambi uye midhiya, isina mwenje uye glare dhizaini zvinodiwa munzvimbo mbiri dzinotevera
1.Nzvimbo yekona
Kubva pakati pechinangwa, mukati me15 ° kuruboshwe uye kurudyi rwemutsetse wechinangwa, uye hapazovi nekusvibiswa kwechiedza.
2.Kuseri kwenzvimbo yechinangwa
Nzvimbo yekona yekukanda mativi ese ichashandiswa senzvimbo yekunongedza, uye hapazove nekukuvadza mukati me20 ° uye 45 ° yemutsetse wakatwasuka kumativi ese.
Mufananidzo 1: Schematic dhayagiramu yenhandare isina tsvina isina kusvibiswa
Nzira yekugadzira magetsi inofanira kusangana nemitemo iri mutafura inotevera
Kuitira kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechiedza kunokonzerwa nemwenje wehusiku wenhandare munzvimbo yakatenderedza, zvese zviedza zvemafashama zvinoshandisa kona yepakati/yakamanikana.Kana zvichidikanwa, ndiro yakakosha yegwara remwenje ichaiswa kuti itungamire danda munhandare pasina kuratidzwa zvakananga.
Enda kudzimba dzakavakidzana dzakapoteredza, kuitira kuti usamutsa kuvenga kwevanhu.Nzvimbo yemwenje yevateereri inotariswazve kudzivirira kupenya.
Dzora fungidziro yekona mukati meiyo 65 ° yekukwirira, uye ita kuti mimvuri ipindire munzira kuti uite yakanyanya kufanana wongororo yekuita iyi ndima.
1.Kuvhenekera kwakanyorwa mutafura kunoreva kupenya kwakatarisana nekamera.
Tafura 3 Mwenje Dhizaini Benchmark Tafura
| Vertical Illuminance | Horizontal Illuminance | Light Source | |||||||
| Eav | U0 | Eav | U0 | CCT | CRI | ||||
| Kirasi | Kamera | Lux | U1 | U2 | Lux | U1 | U2 | Tk | Ra |
| IinternationalCompetitionKirasi V | Fixed | 2400 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3500 | 0.6 | 0.8 | >4000k | >70 |
| Munda | 1800 | 0.4 | 0.65 | ||||||
| IinternationalCompetitionKirasi IV | Fixed | 2000 | 0.5 | 0.65 | 2500 | 0.6 | 0.8 | >4000k | >70 |
| Munda | 1400 | 0.35 | 0.6 | ||||||
2.Kukosha kwekuvhenekera kwakanyorwa mutafura ndiko kujekesa kunofanira kuchengetedzwa panguva yechiitiko;kushanda kwemwenje kunofanira kuverengwa se 0.7, saka nhamba chaiyo yezvigadziri inofanira kuva
Katatu chiyero chakanyorwa mutafura
3.Kupenya kwegiredhi remagiredhi ese akanyorwa patafura: GR 50
4.Musiyano wekuvhenekera (mamita ega ega e5) emagiredhi ese akanyorwa patafura: ≤ 20%
Tafura 4 Mwenje Dhizaini Benchmark Tafura
| Vertical Illuminance | Horizontal Illuminance | Light Source | |||||||
| Eav | U0 | Eav | U0 | CCT | CRI | ||||
| Kirasi | Kamera | Lux | U1 | U2 | Lux | U1 | U2 | Tk | Ra |
| Dzimba Makwikwi Kirasi III | - | - | - | - | 750 | - | 0.7 | >4000k | >70 |
| International Competition Kirasi IV | - | - | - | - | 500 | - | 0.6 | >4000k | >70 |
| Kurovedza uye Varaidzo | - | - | - | - | 250 | - | 0.5 | >4000k | >70 |
1.Kuvhenekera musiyano wemazinga ese akanyorwa patafura (pamamita gumi): ≤30%
2.Kukosha kwekuvhenekera kwakanyorwa mutafura ndiko kujekesa kunofanira kuchengetedzwa panguva yechiitiko;kushanda kwemwenje kunofanirwa kuverengerwa se 0.7, saka nhamba chaiyo yezvigadziriso inofanira kunge iri 1.4 nguva yechiyero chakanyorwa mutafura.
Zvekuchengetedza
Nemhaka yokuti Taiwan iri munzvimbo ine dutu rekudengenyeka kwenyika, zvose madutu nekudengenyeka kwenyika zvakaunza kukuvadzwa kukuru pamatanda makuru emwenje.Nokudaro, mukuverenga kwechimiro chekudzivirira kwemhepo yedanda rechiedza, nhamba yekuverenga yeAmerican AASHTO 1985 inoshandiswa, inokwana kurwisa dutu rine simba guru rine avhareji yekumhanya kwemhepo ye 75 m / sec uye yakanyanya kuputika pakarepo. ye91 m/sec, uye simba rayo rekudzivirira mhepo rakakura kupfuura iro remitemo yekuvaka.Mhepo mitemo.Zvinoenderana nemirairo yehunyanzvi hwekuvaka, Taiwan ndeyenzvimbo yekudengenyeka kwenyika.Pamusoro pekutevedzera mitemo yekuvaka mukugadzirwa kwekudengenyeka kwemapango emwenje, chimiro chinofanirwa kusimbiswa zvakanyanya kuti chiwedzere chekuchengetedza kudzivirira kudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru kusingafungidzirwe.
Mwenje Equipments
Pole
Zvinoenderana nezviyero zvemakwikwi epasi rose, kune mapango mana ekuvhenekesa akagadzirwa mundima iyi, kureba kwepango kunofanirwa kunge kuri 46 metres, uye avhareji yepakati kureba kwemwenje wemvura padanda rega rega i43 metres.Kune 366 2000W composite metal floodlights yakaiswa munzvimbo yese, uye 84 marambi mune imwe neimwe yemapango mana, kuitira kuti mwenje wenzvimbo ugone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Danda remwenje rakagadzirwa nepamusoro-tensile simbi ndiro, uye rinopisa-dip galvanized anti-corrosion kurapwa zvinoenderana neASTM A123.Ukobvu hwefirimu remarara hunodiwa kuve 70 Mircon kana pamusoro, kuitira kuchengetedza kushorwa kwemakore makumi matatu kana kupfuura.Simba rekudzivirira kudengenyeka kwepasi kwedanda rechiedza rinozadzisa zvizere zvinodikanwa zvesimba rekudengenyeka zvakataurwa neDhipatimendi reKuvaka reMinistry of the Interior.Chikamu chenheyo chinoshandisa kongiri yakasimbiswa ine kukosha kweanopfuura 4000 PSI kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwedanda rechiedza.Rori yekusimudza inosungirirwa, kuitira kuti vashandi vekuchengetedza vakwanise kukwira kumusoro kuti vagadzirise girobhu kana kugadzirisa kona.
LED Luminaire
Tora zvinhu zvinodzivirira mhepo, zvisingapindi mvura, zvinokatyamadza uye zvinodzivirira kupisa.Iyo mwenje sosi i2000W simbi halide bulb ine yakakwira color rendering, ine ruvara render> Ra 90, tembiricha yeruvara ye5000K kana pamusoro, uye nekupenya kwakanaka kwe85Lum/W.Kazhinji, zvinotora 15-20 maminetsi kuti utangezve simbi mwenje girobhu kana simba rakagurwa mushure memwenje.Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mutambo hauzovhiringidzwa mune ramangwana uye nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, zvakarongwa kushandisa mamwe magirobhu emwenje kuti atangezve nekukurumidza, kuitira kuti kuvhenekesa kutangezve magetsi., kupatsanurwa kwekutanga kunovhenekera.Marambi akagadziridzwa munzvimbo yese anosanganisira diffused type, concentrated type, different light intensity curve type uye mwenje unopisa unotanga.Marambi ane nzvimbo diki yekupikisa mhepo, akareruka muhuremu, uye anoenderana nekumanikidza kwemhepo kwechigadziko chemwenje kuti iverenge kutakura simba.Mamiriro ekuvhenekesa akakodzera zvikuru akaiswa nekombiyuta control system.Mwenje anoshandisa lumens yepamusoro-soro (100 LM/W) bulbs, pamwe chete nepamusoro-soro ye ballasts uye capacitor, kuitira kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza uremu hwechigadziko chemwenje., iyo inovandudza kuchengeteka.Kana magetsi adzimwa, simba rekukurumidzira resaiti rinobva rasvetuka pamusoro pejenareta, uye marambi ekutanga anopisa anobatidzwa munguva pfupi pfupi, nekudaro kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yekubuda.
Mutyairi we LED
Shandisa simba remhando yepamusoro, simba remagetsi rinofanira kunge riri 90% kana pamusoro, uye rakakodzera AC 220/380V 60HZ magetsi emagetsi.Mabhora echigadziko chemwenje chega chega anoiswa mubhokisi resimbi, uye fan yekufemesa inowedzerwa kuti ibvise kupisa.
Safety Equipment
Mheni tsvimbo
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemitemo yehunyanzvi hwekuvaka, seti yematanda emheni inogadzika pamusoro pechigadziko chemwenje chekudzivirira danda resimbi uye zvigadziriso zvemwenje.Pamusana pehupamhi hwepamusoro hwechiedza chechiedza, radius yaro yekudzivirira inokwana kuvhara nzvimbo yakawanda yenzvimbo, uye matanda emheni anogadzirirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzisingagoni kuvharwa.
Pole Grounding
Pamusoro pekugadzika kwetsvimbo yemheni, imwe seti yematanda inoiswa pasi kudzivirira kubuda kwemagetsi uye kukuvadza vanhu, kana kana mheni ikarova mbiru, magetsi akakwira-voltage anogona kuiswa zvakanaka mugadziriro yepasi kuti achengetedzeke.
Aeronautical yambiro chiedza
Seti yemarambi eyambiro ekufamba nendege yakadzikira anoiswa pamusoro pedanda remwenje rega rega.Hunhu uye nzira dzekugadzirisa mwenje nemwenje dzakagadzirwa zvinoenderana netraffic tekinoroji zviyero uye zvakatemwa zvekugadzika kwemwenje yekuvharisa mhepo.
Security Fence
Kudzivirira vaoni kukwira mapango emwenje, fenzi dzedziviriro dzinosvika mamita maviri pakureba uye zviratidzo zveyambiro dzakamiswa dzakatenderedza mapango kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengeteka.
Emergency Light
Mana 1000W quartz floodlights anowedzerwa padanda rega rega remwenje, uye akabatana kune yakazvimirira yekuvhenekesa magetsi ekupa system.Kana iyo Taipower yakakwira-voltage magetsi emagetsi system yakadzimwa, sisitimu inogona kukurumidza kupa iyo shoma yakachengeteka kuvhenekera kwe5LUX kana pamusoro mumunda.
Lighting Performance
Kubata nhabvu yepasirese nhabvu, mwenje unofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvepasi rose zviyero zvemwenje kune vashandisi vezviitiko zvakasiyana uye zvivakwa, senge.
1.Vatambi
2.The technicians, the referees, the stadium staff
3.Vateereri: kusanganisira kana vachipinda mumunda, apo mutambo uri kuenderera mberi, uye kana mutambo wapera
Vatambi, varidzi, uye vashandi vehunyanzvi vanofanirwa kunyatsonzwisisa uye kuona zvese zviri kuitika munhandare kuti vakwanise kuita nepavanogona napo;uye vataridzi vanofanira kukwanisa kuona zvakajeka vatambi nevatambi vari munhandare uye vamwe vashandi vehunyanzvi Nenzvimbo yakapoteredza, kureva kuti, kunyange zvazvo vaoni vari kure nepakati penhandare, vanofanira kunge vachiri kukwanisa kuona zvakajeka. vatambi nenzvimbo dzavo panguva imwe chete.Pamusoro pezvo, midziyo yekuvheneka yenhandare inodawo kuve yakachengetedzeka kana ichipinda nekubuda munhandare.tungamirira vateereri.Naizvozvo, mwenje mune iyi kesi haungopi mwenje wenhandare yenhabvu fainari, asi uchiri kukwanisa kupa zvinodikanwa zvekuvhenekesa kune akasiyana siyana emitambo yemitambo uye zviitiko zveveruzhinji mune ramangwana.
4.Maitiro ekuvhenekesa ane chokuita nekugadzirwa kwechiedza chechiitiko ichi anosanganisira kupenya kwakakomberedzwa, kupenya kwakamira, kufanana kwemazinga ekuvhenekesa, kupenya kwemagetsi, chiedza chekuratidzira mode uye mumvuri, kupisa kwemavara uye kupa kwemavara.Pakati pazvo, zvivheneko zvakadzika uye zvakamira zvine simba guru panhandare yese.
Nyaradzo Leve
Kuti ugadzire kunyaradza kwakanaka, hutano hwekuvhenekesa hunokosha zvikuru, uye kugadzira kunaka kwechiedza chechiedza, zvakakosha kuva nechiedza chakanaka chakafanana uye kudzora kupenya.
Uniformity
Chikonzero chikuru ndechekudzivirira chiedza-chiyero chechiedza kubva pakukura zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kune vatambi kana vataridzi kuti vaone bhora kana zvimwe zvinhu pamunda, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2 pasi apa.
Glare Control
Kupenya mamiriro ezvinhu umo mamwe makona edare kana marambi anoburitsa kupenya kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kumaziso evatambi, vatongi uye kunyange vataridzi.Chiitiko ichi chinonyanya kukonzerwa nekutadza kupenya kwemwenje kwemwenje pachayo uye ratidziro yekona yemarambi.zvinokonzerwa nezvakaipa.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti uwane kufananidzwa kwakanaka kwemwenje uye kudzora kupenya kuitira kuti uwane yakanakisa mhando yekunyaradza munhandare yese.Kuti uwane 70% yekutonga kwezvinhu zviviri izvi kutarisa tekinoroji yekuratidzira uye kona yemwenje pachayo.
A.Shandisa zviratidziro zvakasiyana uye makona akasiyana ekuratidzira kuti aenderane neakanakisa mwenje gadziriso
B.Different reflection angles chimiro
C.Different Light Distribution
D. High kunyatsoshanda reflector
E.Multiple kusarudzwa kwekugovera kwechiedza Angle
Lighting atmosphere
Mamiriro ekunze akanaka anonyanya kuenderana nekupa kwemavara uye tembiricha yeruvara rwechiedza chemwenje.Chitubu chechiedza chine ruvara rwakanaka chinogona kuita kuti mamiriro enhandare yose ive nehupenyu, uye chinogonawo kuita kuti kamera itakurwe kubva paTV kuti itore nyore mufananidzo unoshamisa uye unonyatsoitika.Tembiricha yeruvara inodzora ruvara rwenhandare yese.Chiedza chine tembiricha yeruvara rwepamusoro chichaita kuti nzvimbo yacho iite seyakatonhorera, ukuwo mwenje ine tembiricha yeruvara yakaderera ichaita kuti nhandare iratidzike ichidziya.Ruvara runopa dhizaini chaiyo 95 mavara uye tembiricha i5600K.
Mufananidzo 4 Schematic dhayagiramu yemavara ekupa uye tembiricha yemavara
LED Luminaire yekuisa mirayiridzo
Mufananidzo 5 Schematic diagram yekuisa mwenje
Illumination Lux Calculation
3D simulation dhizaini yenhandare yenhabvu
Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro
Kuti isangane neaya ekutanga epfungwa dhizaini zviyero, iyi nyaya yekutsvagisa yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kubva pazvinhu zvishanu.
Iyo yekuvhenekesa dhizaini yemukati uye inoenderana data inotsanangurwa seizvi:
1. Lighting performance
Kubva pamibairo yekuverenga yekarukureta yambotaurwa, inozivikanwa kuti kupenya kwakatwasuka uye kwakatwasuka uye kufanana kunozadzisa zvinonyanya kukosha zvekuvheneka munhandare.
2. Nyaradzo
Musiyano uripo pakati pekudzora kupenya uye kuvhenekera ndiko kutarisa kwekuongorora kunyaradza kwemwenje wenhandare.Muchidzidzo ichi, zviratidziro zvakasiyana uye makona akasiyana-siyana ekuratidzira anoshandiswa kuenzanisa marongerwo emwenje, makona akasiyana ekuratidzira, uye kugoverwa kwemwenje kwakasiyana.
Inogona kurongwa nenzira yejira, yepamusoro-yakanyatsoratidza kuratidzira, uye kusarudzwa kwakawanda kwemakona ekugovera chiedza.
3. Kuumbwa kweatmosphere
Kubva pakupa ruvara rwechiedza kusvika pa95 uye tembiricha yeruvara ye5600K kudzora mamiriro ekunze enhandare.
4. Mari yekushandisa
Nokuderedza kuwanda kwemarambi uye kuwedzera kushanda kwemarambi kuderedza mari yebasa rose.
5. Shandisa kuchengetedza
Shandisa chiedza chakanaka kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwechiedza chechiedza uye kuderedza kuwanda kwekugadzirisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-20-2022